American Politics: Descriptive & Substantive Representation Discussion Assignment

The P4 program produces innovative teaching materials based on cutting-edge political science research. We created materials for a guided discussion that will take place over the course of two or more 75-minute class periods. The materials are crafted to be scalable so that they can be used in a variety of class settings, regardless of size or/and mode of instruction so that they can be used in face-to-face, online, and hybrid classes. The research articles taught through these group discussion modules are: 1) The Symbolic Benefits of Descriptive and Substantive Representation by Hayes and Hibbing (2016) and 2) Do Politicians Racially Discriminate against Constituents? by Butler and Broockman (2013).