Foundations of Quantitative Research in Political Science
Quick Recap: Confounding Variables
Confounding Variables: Three Criteria
- Cause change in the dependent variable.
- Correlated with the independent variable
- Causally prior to the independent variable: a confounding variable comes before the independent variable, not after.
Dig Deeper
- Galderisi, Peter. Understanding Political Science Statistics: Observations and Expectations in Political Analysis. Routledge, 2015.
- Chapter 10: "Research Design and the Use of Control Variables"